Correlations of long working hours and shift work with sleep of migrant workers / 环境与职业医学

Background Long working hours (LWH) and shift work are harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups. Objective To understand the status quo of LWH and shift work of migrant workers in Shanghai, and to analyze the influence of the above two factors on sleep of the population. Methods From July to September 2018, a cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted among 3215 in-service employees at seven workplaces with more than 300 employees in six selected districts of Shanghai using multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 2976 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 92.6%. The questionnaires included general demographic characteristics, personal health behavior, work-related factors, weekly working hours, shift work, and sleep. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of LWH and shift work with sleep, and an interaction item was included to evaluate potential interaction between LWH and shift work. Result The average age of the subjects was (30.98±9.49) years old, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.20, and 2382 workers were reported without local residency (80.0%). Among the migrant workers, the average weekly working hours was (57.23±13.14) h, the proportions of LWH (weekly working hours>40 h), extra LWH (weekly working hours>55 h), and shift work were 80.6% (1919/2382), 60.3% (1436/2382), and 25.4% (600/2366), respectively, all above were significantly higher than those of local workers. The prevalence rates of insomnia and lack of sleep among the migrant workers were 46.3% (1091/2356) and 25.4% (597/2354), respectively. The results of logistic regression model showed that after adjusting demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and monthly income, as well as occupation and personal health behavior, compared with working hours ≤40 h per week, working 55-60 h per week was a risk factor for insomnia of migrant workers (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.72), while working >60 h per week was a risk factor for both insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.05-1.78) and insufficient sleep (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.28-2.35) of migrant workers. Shift work was only associated with insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.69). Meanwhile, working hours>60 h per week and shift work had an interaction effect on insomnia of migrant workers (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.20-4.60). Conclusion LWH and shift work are prominent among migrant workers, and there is an interaction between LWH and shift work with insomnia.

Investigation and analysis on pneumoconiosis in migrant workers without liability subject in Hunan Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers without liability subject(hereinafter referred to as Pneumoconiosis without Liability Subject) in Hunan Province. METHODS: The cases of pneumoconiosis without liability subject from 2017 to 2019 in Hunan Province were selected as the research subjects using typical sampling method. They were clinical diagnosis by occupational disease diagnostic institutions. The distributions of age, gender, length of service, area, type of work, type of pneumoconiosis, pneumoconiosis stage and the situation of poor households with filing and registration card were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 18 870 cases of pneumoconiosis without liability subject were clinically diagnosed in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2019. The patients were mainly males(accounting for 99.8%), with the age ranged 50-65 years old(64.7%). Most of them had dust exposure service length of 5-29 years(78.4%). The cases of stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ pneumoconiosis accounted for 32.2%, 26.0% and 41.8% respectively. The main types of disease were coal workers′ pneumoconiosis and silicosis(accounted for 99.3%). The first five geographical distributions were Chenzhou City, Zhuzhou City, Hengyang City, Yiyang City and Shaoyang City, accounting for 17.9%, 14.6%, 14.1%, 11.8% and 9.2% respectively. The distribution of work types were mainly mine-related jobs(91.3%). There were 1 774 cases who had complications(9.4%), of which the top three complications were emphysema, pulmonary and bronchial infection and tuberculosis. There were 3 662 cases with poor households archives and cards(19.4%). CONCLUSION: The hazards of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in Hunan Province should not be ignored. In 2017, Hunan Province took the lead in launching a large-scale basic medical treatment and rescue operation for migrant workers with pneumoconiosis, which helped solve the problem of pneumoconiosis in migrant workers who had no professional history certification and responsible employer.

A study on epidemic model of hepatitis B virus in migrant workes in Guizhou minority areas / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To research the prevalence model of hepatitis B virus in the minority areas of Guizhou and to provide reference for the prevention and control virus of hepatitis B virus. Methods Using multi-stage cluster simple random sampling, four villages were selected from Leishan and Libo counties in minority areas of Guizhou. Questionnaires were investigated by trained investigators and serum hepatitis B virus five-item test results were collected from the subjects. Results A total of 1 629 participants were surveyed, the outcome showed that migrant workers’ infection rate of hepatitis B was 44.8%, and the carrying rate of HBsAg was 8.4%. The positive rates of anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 28.0% and 25.6% respectively. The infection model rate of migrant workers was 19.8%, which was lower than that of non-migrant workers (23.2%) (P>0.05).The detection rate of susceptible model in migrant workers (52.2%) was higher than that in non-migrant workers (43.4%), while the detection rate of immune mode migrant workers (28.0%) was lower than that in non-migrant workers (33.4%),which the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). After adjusted related factors by multivariate Logistic regression analysis model, migrant workers were still the influencing factors of vulnerability model (OR=1.568, 95% CI:1.206-2.039) compared with non-migrant workers. Conclusion There was a high susceptibility to hepatitis B virus among migrant workers in minority areas of Guizhou, In order to reduce the infection and prevalence of hepatitis B virus, we should strengthen the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine to migrant workers and to improve their specific immunity.

An analysis of mental health status of female migrant workers in a city / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the mental health status of female migrant workers in a city.@*Methods@#From August to December, 2016, cluster random sampling was used to select female migrant workers aged 16-60 years from 10 districts of this city, and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and a questionnaire on general status were used.@*Results@#Among these female migrant workers, the detection rates of obsessive-compulsion, hostility, and depression were 6.62%, 4.18%, and 4.10%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of mental health issues between the female migrant workers from different districts, with different occupations, or with different education levels (P<0.05) . Districts, occupation, and education level were associated with mental health issues, after adjustment for age (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Although female migrant workers in this city have a high mental health level, the issues such as obsessive-compulsion, hostility, and depression should be taken seriously. Targeted mental health surveys and comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the mental health level of female migrant workers.

Investigation and Research on the Influencing Factors of Migrant Workers' Participation in Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Employers / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To study the effect of individual and system characteristics on migrant workers' participation in basic medical insurance for urban employers.Methods:The data of "2014 National Floating Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey" and official documents from 28 provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the central government were used to analyze the influencing factors of 50 679 migrant workers' participation in medical insurance.Results:The characteristics of human capital,economic characteristics,mobility and access to basic public health services of migrant workers all had significant impacts on their participation in medical insurance;local governments' support for trans-provincial transfer medical insurance,the years of payment could be accumulated while one to one conversion and personal account could be roll-in roll-out were important factors to promote migrant workers to participate in medical insurance,and also helped to attract interprovincial migrant workers.Conclusion:In the system design,the overall level of medical insurance should be improved,and the obstacle to identification of the years of payment and the transfer of personal medical insurance account should be cancelled.

Analysis of the medical treatment willingness and place among migrant workers in some areas of Shanghai and relevant influencing factors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To understand the medical treatment willingness and place among migrant workers in Shanghai and relevant influencing factors. Methods · The questionnaire survey was used to investigate migrant workers in some areas of Shanghai and the data were analyzed with constituent ratio,χ2 test, and Logistic regression. Results · Regional differences in medical treatment willingness and place existed between migrant workers in surveyed areas and local workers. Differences between actual and intended medical treatment places existed among migrant workers. Main factors influencing the medical care seeking behavior of migrant workers were medical insurance, economic factors, and demographic factors. Conclusion · The medical security system and the accessibility of basic medical services for migrant workers should be further improved.

Influencing factors on usage of personal protective equipment in migrant workers exposed to organic solvent / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the correct use of personal protective equipment( PPE) in migrant workers exposed to organic solvent,and to analyze the influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 108 migrant workers engaged in organic solvents working in the small and medium-sized enterprises were selected as study subjects by judgment sampling method.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their PPE utilization status. In addition,the influcing factors on the effective usage of PPE were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 52. 8% of migrant workers exposed to organic solvent who use the PPE correctly in their work. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the average monthly income,the greater the possibility of using the PPE correctly( P < 0. 05). The more frequent the number of respiratory tract infections in the past 6 months,the less likely the PPE was used correctly( P < 0. 05). The co-workers or supervisor often urge the use of PPE and co-workers use PPE correctly when exposed to organic solvent play a role in promoting the right usage of PPE in migrant workers( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The correct use of PPE in migrant workers exposed to organic solvent is still needed to be improved. The peer education and improvement of enterprises' occupational health management are considered as important measures to promote the proper use of PPE in migrant workers exposed to organic solvent.

A experiência de trabalho e dos riscos entre os trabalhadores-migrantes nordestinos nos canaviais paulistas / Work and risk experience among Northeastern migrant works in sugarcane plantations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo Todos os anos milhares de trabalhadores dos estados nordestinos se deslocam para os canaviais do estado de São Paulo para trabalhar nas usinas de cana-de-açúcar. Os que migram são jovens, com pouca escolaridade e oriundos de famílias camponesas. Dentre outras coisas, pesquisadores chamam atenção para os riscos a que tais trabalhadores estão sujeitos, riscos estes presentes nas condições de transporte, moradia e no ambiente de trabalho. A organização do trabalho está sempre focada no aumento da extração de mais valia, que tem resultado na degradação da força de trabalho, expressa nas várias formas de adoecimento e nas inúmeras mortes de trabalhadores-migrantes. Tencionando a noção de "risco" e relacionando-a aos processos de subjetivação, é nossa intenção, no espaço deste artigo, compreender os sentidos que os trabalhadores-migrantes atribuem aos riscos a que estão expostos durante a viagem e também nos locais de trabalho (os canaviais paulistas). Metodologicamente, lançamos mão de uma abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram colhidos mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com uma amostra de 12 trabalhadores-migrantes oriundos do município de Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde (PE), na microrregião do Pajeú, e também de municípios localizados na microrregião da Serra do Teixeira (PB), especialmente os circunvizinhos à cidade de Princesa Isabel (PB). Os dados permitem-nos afirmar a existência de uma relação intrínseca entre os riscos que se corre e a afirmação da identidade de gênero dos sujeitos investigados.

Abstract Every year thousands of workers from the Brazilian Northeastern states move to the sugarcane plantations in the state of São Paulo to work in sugarcane mills. Most of them are young with little schooling and come from peasant families. Among other things, researchers call attention to the risks to which these workers are submitted, related to transportation conditions, housing and work environment. The organization of work is always focused on increasing the surplus value, which has resulted in the deterioration of the labor force, expressed by several diseases and countless deaths of migrant workers. In the scope of this article, it is our intention to define "risk" concept and relate it to the processes of subjectivities and to understand the meanings that migrant workers attribute to the risks to which they are exposed during the trip and also in workplaces (sugarcane plantations). Regarding methodology, we used a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a sample of 12 migrant workers from the city of Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde (Pernambuco), in the Pajeú microregion, and also of cities located in the microregion of Serra do Teixeira (Paraíba), especially the surrounding areas of Princesa Isabel (state of Paraíba). The data allow us to assert the existence of an intrinsic relationship between the risks they run and the affirmation of the gender identity of the subjects investigated.

Survey on mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To survey the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Methods The survey subjects were selected from migrant workers in Shanghai with a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The Symptom Check List ( SCL-90 ) scores were used for evaluation of metal health status.Results The prevalence of mental health problem of 5 626 rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai was 18.8% ( 1 058/5 626 ).The mean total score of SCL-90 was 114.86 ±31.21.Compulsive-obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility ranked the top three among 9 factors, with scores of 1.37 ±0.43, 1.31 ±0.43 and 1.30 ±0.41 respectively.The mean total scores and scores of 9 factors of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai were lower than those of Chinese adults norm the mean total scores(129.96 ±38.76) ( t =-15.34, -3.84 --24.08 respectively, all P <0.01) .There were significant differences in mental health among migrant workers with different age , education , marital status , living conditions and occupation (all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems in Shanghai rural-to-urban migrant workers is high, with are related to their age, education, marital status, living conditions and occupation.

Analysis of 740 Suiqian children′s mental health status of Chongqing / 重庆医学

Objective To explore Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status and related factors .Meth-ods In this study 740 children from grade 7 to grade 9 in 3 schools which specify recruit migrant workers′children ,including the 399 migration children of migrant workers and 341 urban household registration students were involved .They were investigated with symptom rating scale(SCL-90) and self-made general questionnaire .Results There were no significant differences in SCL-90 scores between the migrant workers migration children group and urban household registration students group (P>0 .05) .Conclu-sion Generally speaking ,Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status is good ,but there are still some prob-lems .We need do some further study on the mode of psychological intervention to maintain their physical and mental health .

Factors Influencing Level of Health Literacy of Migrant Workers in Korea / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to identify level of health literacy and factors influencing health literacy of migrant workers. METHODS: Data were collected using a cross sectional correlational design. Participants were 128 migrant workers in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: The health literacy level of migrant worker was low and they had difficulty in understanding patient education materials and medical forms. Factors influencing health literacy were residential areas (city or rural), education level, length of stay in Korea, and ability to understand spoken Korean. Regression model accounted for 14.2% of the variance in health literacy. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of health literacy make it difficult for migrant works to visit medical facilities and perform health behaviors appropriately. Therefore, diverse strategies should be developed by nurses to enhance the health literacy level of migrant workers.

Migrant workers diagnosed with advanced schistosomiasis in Dongpo District, Meishan City: a report of 3 cases / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Three migrant workers were diagnosed with advanced schistosomiasis in Dongpo District,Meishan City,2005-2009.

Postnatal depression and anxiety state and its related factors of parturtents from migrant worker family / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the postnatal depression and anxiety state and its related factors of parturients from migrant worker family,and then reference to certain nursing counter-measures. Methods Sampled 73 parturients by spontaneous labor from migrant worker family and 45 local matched parturients,interviewed them by SAS and SDS to know their postnatal depression and anxiety state,and then analyzed the datum between them. Results The level of postnatal depression and anxiety in parturients from migrant worker family was significant higher than that in local parturienta.Different level of depression and anxiety was existed in different parturients from migrant worker family by different educational attainments,different family type and different financial state. Conclusions The state of postnatal depression and anxiety in parturients from migrant worker family is severely,related health education should be strengthened,associated social secu-rity and support system should be established to help them release their unhealthy emotion.

Analysis and investigation in health education requirement in migrant- worker patieats / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate and analyze the health education requirement in migrant-worker patients and establish health education countermeasures that accord with migrant-worker pa-tients. Methods 600 hospitalization patients were chosen from January to December, 2007,among which 300 migrant-worker patients were set as the experimental group,300 native patients were selected as the control group.The contents and manners of health education requirement were compared between the two groups. Results In the aspect of contents of health education requirement,the highest require-ment was to understand treatment expense,which was significantly higher than that of the control group. The higher requirement included to understand illness condition and treatment protocols,prevention and treatment of common disease and infectious disease.In the aspect of manners of health education require-ment,the highest requirement was to communicate with medical workers,the lowest requirement was to communicate among patients. Conclusions Migrant-worker patients concern about treatment expense, nurses should not only conduct health education about disease-related knowledge, but also pay much atten-tion to informed consent about treatment expense in order to avoid unnecessary dispute.

A Case of Disseminated Melioidosis in a Migrant Worker from Thailand / 대한진단검사의학회지

With globalization, foreign patients are frequently encountered at the clinical practice in Korea. As the number of migrant workers from Southeast Asia has been notably rising since the late 1990's, unfamiliar tropical infectious diseases that they bring out, may give great challenges to the routine clinical practice in Korea. Melioidosis is a community-acquired infection caused by a gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It has been endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, where B. pseudomallei is a soil saprophyte and invades the host through inoculation or inhalation. It frequently presents as an acute septicemia with a high mortality rate of 40%, mainly in patients with chronic underlying diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Recently, we encountered a case of fatal disseminated melioidosis in a migrant worker from Thailand. We suggest an importance of melioidosis as a cause of community-acquired sepsis in migrant workers from Southeast Asia.

A Study on the awareness of HIV/AIDS and risk behaviors among migrant workers at construction sties in Beijing / 中国艾滋病性病

Objective To investigate the awareness of HIV/AIDS and risk behaviors among migrant workers at construction sites in Beijing. Methods The methods of cluster sampling was employed,a questionnaire survey was administered among 1000 migrant workers from two construction sites and a face-to-face interview with the informed consent was conducted in a limited scope.Results There was considerable disparity in the awareness of the routes of AIDS transmission;66.8% of the migrant workers were aware that the condom could reduce the risk of infection,but 51% of them had never used it.Only 2.3% of the migrant workers had sexual intercourse with female sex workers.Conclusion Although the migrant workers under survey have some basic knowledge on HIV/AIDS,their essential understanding was mostly vague,and financial condition have restricted to a great extent their risk behaviors.

Health Status of Undocumented Migrant Workers in Gyeonggi Province / 항공우주의학회지

BACKGROUND: The number of migrant workers, especially undocumented, has been increasing in Korea since late 1997. This study was conducted to evaluate the health status of those in Korea. METHODS: In June to November 2000, general health examinations and medical check-up were provided freely to undocumented migrant workers in Gyeonggi province. Total 580 migrant workers participated in this examination. RESULTS: 1. The number of examinee with abnormal results was 176 (30.3%), and hypertension (29.2%), abnormal liver function (13.4%) and abnormal chest X-ray finding (4.3%). 2. The prevalence rate of symptom is 77.2% and the most common symptom was back pain, followed by epigastric pain and joint pain. 3. The frequency of clinical diagnosis classified by physician was most common in hypertension (29.2%), followed by low back sprain/strain (7.4%), gastritis or peptic ulcer (7.4%), myofascial pain syndrome (6.4%). 4. The frequency of abnormal results in undocumented migrant workers was, compared with documented migrant industrial trainees significantly higher in HIV-Ab (+), hypertension and anemia, and compared with domestic workers, higher in hypertension, anemia and pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that when compared with domestic workers, the number of undocumented migrant workers with abnormal results was not significantly higher, except for hypertension, anemia and pulmonary disease. But measures for infectious disease (including AIDS) transmission and development of work-related or chronic diseases by poor working condition and increased length of stay must be considered, including health management system such as periodical health examination.

A study of medical utilization and health status for migrant workers in Korea

BACKGROUND: The number of illegal migrant workers has been increasing in Korea since late 1997 in what was called the IMF era. This study was conducted to evaluate and to recognize the medical utilization and health Status for migrant workers in Korea. The goal of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the migrant workers and family physician's role as a health provider and gate keeper to them and to provide basic data for public health policy. METHODS: In September 1999, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the migrant workers in Seoul, Sung-Nam, Pucheon and An-Yang. We classified the reasons for clinical encounters and the prescribed drugs by reviewing the medical records of all patients who visited a clinic of shelter for migrant workers in Sung-Nam from January to December 1998 and analysed the report according to death certification of the shelter for migrant workers in Sung Nam from 1994 to September 1999 RESULTS: The major distribution of nationality were from China, Mongo, and Bangladesh (86.9 %). They were mostly between 30 and 39 years old, males are, and unmarried. Most had high school education. The average income was 756,700 won and the average working hours were 11.5 hours per day in migrant workers being in worse condition than those of Korean workers. Classified according to systems, the respiratory(21.2%), musculoskeletal (20.6%), digestive(15.8%), and cardiovascular(12.5%) symptoms were common. Repayment for death was different between before (87.7%) and after IMF era (13.0%), in late 1997. Average medical expenditure was 43,552 won comprising 5% of the total income of subjects only. Most of them did not benefit from medical insurance. CONCLUSION: Migrant workers' situation seemed poor. The patterns of the disease' were similar to those who visit family medicine clinics in general. Family physicians should take more interest in providing a more effective and better care to migrant workers.

A Study of Working Status and Industrial Accidents for Migrant Workers in Korea / 대한산업의학회지

This study was conducted to evaluate and to recognize the status and the problems of working conditions, and industrial accidents for migrant workers in a group of 342 who lives in Ansan area, Kyunggi province. By the questionnaire written by 5 languages (English, Bangladesh, Indonesian, Chinese and Korean), the informations of socio-demographic factors, occupational conditions of engaged company and general & occupational health status were obtained from June, 1st to July 30th, 1998. We used the ANOVA to examine differences of working hours, days and average monthly wages between overseas industrial trainee and illegal migrant workers, and by using logistic regression, odds ratio of general risk factors for industrial accidents in migrant workers were calculated. The results obtained were as follows 1. The major distribution of nationals were from Philippine, Indonesia, Bangladesh and China(92.1%), and the most of subjects were man(78.9%) and over high school graduate(81.9%). 2. Most migrant workers worked at small scale companies under 50 employees, and engaged in dye, textile clothing, leather industry. The average working hours were 59.9 hours per week in overseas industrial trainee, 64.9 hours in illegal migrant worker respectively. 3. Trainees have transferred to another company for 1.89 times, and workers who have changed qualification from trainee to illegal status were 3.09 tims, and illegal workers moved 2.36 times. The major portion of reason to move to another company were low salary and overdue salary. 4. Trainees, workers who have changed position from trainee to illegal status, and illegal workers knows 62.27%, 42.31%, and 20.45% in each about legal documentation for foreign industrial trainees in Korea "Regulations for protecting and managing of foreign industrial trainees in Korea" published on March 1995. Additionally, trainees and illegal workers have experienced medical examination by 52.3% and 18.2% respectively. 5. Industrial accident condition from Jun. 1st, 1997 to Dec. 3lth, 1997 were as follows in case of frequent rate, trainees and illegal workers were 30.04, 23.78 each, and 8.6%, 7.4% for industrial accident rate respectively. 6. The most common causes and types of industrial accident were inappropriate motions of body and abrasion, and body sites most vulnerable to injury were the hands and fingers. The results suggest that working status and industrial accidents of migrant workers are very poor in Korea. Therefore, occupational safety and health policy aimed at migrant workers are needed to protect the migrant workers.

Health status of migrant workers in cities and policy suggestions / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper analyzes the age structure, educational background, occupation, income, migration and other sociological features of migrant workers in cities in present China and discusses the general health status of the group, including the incidence and spread of contagious diseases, workplace accidents and occupational hazards, reproductive and psychological health, and social adaptation. It also puts forward policy suggestions for improving the health status of migrant workers and raising their health level from the perspectives of perfecting the social security system, giving expression to impartial health services, showing concern for the health status of vulnerable populations, enhancing health education and promoting health.